Spiritual Authority
By Brian on Jan 24, 2006
Tony commented on my earlier post, “People and Ministers.” I started replying to his comment, but my reply got longer and longer so I’ve decided to make it a regular entry instead of a comment.
Tony says, “the emergent church desires to have a shepherd-less flock in order to remove authority form the church (unbiblical).” I agree that some (most? I don’t think so, especially since a large number are pastors themselves.) in the emerging conversation desire leadership reform to remove authority. But many (most? I don’t know.) desire to restore something closer to an appropriate level of <em>biblical authority</em> in place of the current pastoral authoritarianism existent in many churches.
It’s a given that God places some people in spiritual leadership. The questions I’m troubling over now are really in the outworkings of that statement:
- What’s the appropriate qualification for being in spiritual authority? In the early church and many places today like China the qualification is to undergoing significant persecution and sacrifice while remaining loyal to Christ and the church. In the modern Western church the qualification is a few years of seminary and a piece of paper (see simplechurch quoting a Chinese church leader on this topic). And pastors are normally hired after submitting a resume and going through a brief interview process, not after living in the trenches with the people for years of proving themselves worthy of the calling to leadership. In our culture that’s virtually free from persecution, what’s the appropriate way to recognize, call and appoint leaders? What are the qualifications, since so little is asked of most Christians in the US?
- This is a significant refiguring of leadership in the church, both asking less of the paid staff and asking more of the unpaid leaders. Can seminary-trained leaders with many years’ experience as the authoritarian sage on the stage accommodate this change? Can church members/attenders step up to a higher level of commitment and leadership? Can an existing church effectively transition from 4 or 5 full-time career pastors down to only one? Can an existing church effectively transition from 1 or 2 full-time career pastors down to zero, with the unpaid leadership taking on the responsibility for teaching, counseling, etc.? Is this biblically acceptable or wise? Or are new structures called for, new wineskins for this new wine?
- The two predominant models of church shown in the New Testament seem to be citywide or regional church (”God’s Church at Corinth“, “To all in Rome who are loved by God and called to be saints“, “To the saints in Ephesus“, “To all the saints in Christ Jesus at Philippi, together with the overseers[a] and deacons“, and many other examples) and smaller churches mostly meeting in houses or in “third places” like the temple courts (”Every day they continued to meet together in the temple courts“, “At daybreak they entered the temple courts, as they had been told, and began to teach the people“, “Day after day, in the temple courts and from house to house, they never stopped teaching and proclaiming the good news that Jesus is the Christ“, “he went to the house of Mary the mother of John, also called Mark, where many people had gathered and were praying“, “After Paul and Silas came out of the prison, they went to Lydia’s house, where they met with the brothers and encouraged them“, “I have not hesitated to preach anything that would be helpful to you but have taught you publicly and from house to house“, “Greet also the church that meets at their house“, “Aquila and Priscilla greet you warmly in the Lord, and so does the church that meets at their house“, “Give my greetings to the brothers at Laodicea, and to Nympha and the church in her house“). Can we reclaim this legacy of small interconnected communities meeting from house to house and in third places and distributing its energy and resources throughout the community where spiritual and physical needs exist, with larger meetings and loose hierarchy at the city or regional level rather than our current system of hundreds of autonomous fiefdoms in a community, each controlled by its own paid staff and consuming the vast majority of its energy and resources within itself? What about restoring the fivefold ministry (apostles, prophets, evangelists, pastors and teachers) rather than only truly recognizing and empowering the teachers (the modern job of “pastor” is in reality more about the gift of teaching than the gift of shepherding)?
- What does this look like in a culture and age of ubiquitous literacy? The modern church structure isn’t all that different in practice from the church 400 years ago when most people couldn’t read, books were prohibitively expensive for most, travel even within a community was time-consuming, and face-to-face contact was the predominant and in many cases only form of communication. But now we’re overwhelmingly literate (especially in the West), books are cheap and content on the Internet is free, travel is cheap and easy, and distant communication (both synchronous communication via phone, IM, video conferencing, etc. and asynchronous communication by email, blogs, message boards, podcasts, etc.) is cheap or free and mostly seamless. I can download the Bible and a huge repository of study notes for free at Bible.org. I can communicate with church leaders and church planters and missionaries all over the world with blogs, podcasts, and RSS. I can listen to sermons from innumerable churches and other events via podcasting. I can carry worship music with me on my iPod and download new content from iTunes. Physical community is essential and irreplaceable, but doesn’t physical community look different when it’s enabled and enriched by virtual community?
I’m asking a lot of questions and digging for true answers about how we’re called to live as the living church of Jesus. None of these areas have simple answers. Comments welcome and needed.
Technorati Tags: christianity, church, pastor, leadership




Brian,
You made some good points here in this post. Remember my
quote you started with was
a response to your quoting Andrew Jones on the subject. In that context, and
from what I read of “most” emergents, the removal of authority and equivocating
on it between the contexts of “service” and “leadership” is
common. My point here is to make sure my quote was taken in the context I wrote
it in.
To say that “pastors should be equal to laity,” in
the context of service, is accurate. To say that “pastors
should be equal to laity” in church leadership is inaccurate.
My point in your earlier post was to say that emergents often talk about this
concept of pastoral equality with laity in the context of service,
when they really mean it also to be desired in the leadership. Yes, even many of
them, although they may not say it, desire for there to be no leadership or
authority in the church, regardless of what the Bible says on the subject. My
point, is that this anarchy approach to Christianity is unbiblical and should be
avoided.
As far as your “many?” questions, I am not going to broad
brush all emergents with the same brush. I have said many times
that I think that much of the desires of some emergents are admirable, but also
much of it is misguided in rebellion to “dictatorship Christianity,” which is
equally unbiblical. I’ll leave the accusation of “all/many/some” to others, but
my experience is that a lot of emergent “conversations” have fallen into this
trap. The new generation consists of young people who have grown up in churches
which were not models of Biblical leadership, and were
dictator in nature. However, in recognizing that dictatorship in church is not
Biblical, it is also not Biblical to throw out all leadership, as
doing so is equally unbiblical.
The New Testament has much to say about the qualifications
of church leaders. A study in church polity would probably be very beneficial,
which is why I sent you the link in another blog to a site where they describe
how to do it right (http://www.9marks.com).
I believe if the younger generation had grown up in churches where of true
Biblical polity and leadership had been exampled, we wouldn’t have the emergent
rebellion desiring to restructure all church authority and liturgy.
In your Biblical quotes and references, I notice that it
appears that you seem to be confusing the concepts of church service
with Christian gatherings. Just because you can rattle off texts
that show that Christians “met in homes,” doesn’t also indicate that they
didn’t meet in church services too. The two things aren’t mutually
exclusive. A Biblical church can still meet in church and
have church, where the church operates as the New Testament defines it
should, and, while also meeting in the homes
of members for the purposes of fellowship and other things the Scriptures
also define.
Trying to say they had church in the homes as
opposed to in church, is imposing something on the texts that isn’t
there. My point is that there is nothing wrong with churches or parts of
churches meeting in homes. In fact, healthy churches probably do this often. But
doing so, doesn’t mean they do that instead of meeting in the
church building, and it certainly doesn’t mean that Biblical authority and
leadership should be canned. It is on that point where the emergents stray. You
want to meet in homes? Knock yourself out. That is great. But don’t say that
churches that also meet in buildings at certain times for teaching
and preaching and breaking bread are doing something wrong. Also, if a church
leadership must utilize Matthew 18 and 1 Cor 5 as legitimate church discipline,
that isn’t wrong either….if Biblically done.
I think the point that is often missed when so much
“conversation” is made on where the meetings take place (buildings
or homes), and how the meetings take place (liturgy or
contemporary), that the who is meeting is completely left out of
the discussion.
You quoted Acts 2:45-47 which says, “Every day they
continued to meet together in the temple courts. They broke bread in their homes
and ate together with glad and sincere hearts, praising
God and enjoying the favor of all the people. And the Lord added to their number
daily those who were being saved.” Emergents
like to quote verses like these and others in Acts 2, and emphasize the
where they met. I think the more important emphasis is on the fact that
“the Lord added to their number daily those who were
being saved.”
Emergents also often go back a few verses and quote verses
42-45 as an example of a “legit” church: “They devoted themselves to the
apostles’ teaching and to the fellowship, to the breaking of bread and to
prayer. Everyone was filled with awe, and many wonders
and miraculous signs were done by the apostles. All the
believers were together and had everything in common.
Selling their possessions and goods, they gave to anyone as he had need,”
and I agree with them on this. However, they rarely will put these verses in the
proper context of why this was happening. They could get the
why of this, and therefore discover the who, by only
looking a few verses higher where Peter told them that they were a wicked people
because they put Jesus to death (v23), gave them the gospel of Christ
resurrected, and told them point blank:
“"Therefore …… be assured of this: God has made this Jesus, whom
you crucified, both Lord and Christ." When the people heard this,
they were cut to the heart and said to Peter and the other apostles, "Brothers,
what shall we do?" Peter replied, "Repent and be baptized,
every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of your
sins. And you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.
The promise is for you and your children and for all who
are far off—for all whom the Lord our God will call." With many other words
he warned them; and he pleaded with them, "Save
yourselves from this corrupt generation."
Those who accepted his message were baptized, and about three thousand
were added to their number that day.”
(Acts
2:36-40)
That is the message that the emergent folks forget to give. They want to
focus on where the church should meet and what the should
be doing (which are good things to discuss), but they rarely want to discuss
who should be there, and how and what message
gets someone from being outside the church to inside the church. And most
importantly, they seem to forget:
·
Who is doing the converting: (“the Lord
added to their number daily those who were being saved”-
v47), and
·
What message causes this (“Those who accepted
his message” v40)….what message? “Repent!”…. “With many other
words he warned them; and he pleaded with them, "Save yourselves from this
corrupt generation." v38-40.
That message is not what you hear in the emergent
“conversations.” If one doesn’t understand why and who
is meeting, then the where and how you meet is
irrelevant. I fear that it isn’t just the leadership and authority that the
emergents reject, but also, anyone who is willing to tell them that
repentance is required for entrance into the kingdom.
You can meet in all the right places and do all
the right things, and still die and go to hell because you rejected Him who paid
the price for your sin. You can’t repent of sin, if you are never
told what sin is, and that sin is a problem for God. God is angry at sin (Psalm
7:11-13), and will judge sin (Psalm
9:7-8;
Rom2:4-9),but many emergents don’t know that, because “the message” they
hear is only how much God accepts you and loves you as you are. That isn’t true.
God hates sinners “as they are,” (Psalm
11:5) and He became flesh and died so they wouldn’t have to. That is
how much God loves you, and if that message isn’t preached, it can’t be
accepted, and if it isn’t accepted, God’s love doesn’t apply…because the cross
IS God’s love:
God demonstrates his own love
for us in this: While we were still sinners, Christ died for us. (Rom 5:8)
Tony Rose | Jan 26, 2006 | Reply
Thanks for the comment. You make some very good points. A couple of thoughts:
1) You’re absolutely right about the importance of focusing on repentance, brokenness, confession, forgiveness, restoration, etc. more than the methodology or ecclesiology or style or anything else (though all those other things are necessary, they only have real substance within the context of confession, repentance, and life in Christ). It’s why I’ve said before I identify more with the term missional than emergent, and why many in the conversation are moving away from the term emergent - because it’s often been co-opted to primarily mean coffee and candles.
2) You seem to present the church meeting in homes as secondary in importance to meeting in church buildings (”A Biblical church can still meet in church and have church, where the church operates as the New Testament defines it should, and, while also meeting in the homes of members for the purposes of fellowship and other things the Scriptures also define”). Can you point me to where the New Testament defines the church should meet in dedicated buildings? Moreso, what scriptural evidence is there of any city or region in the New Testament that contained dozens or hundreds of autonomous churches (Alamance County has roughly 400 of them), each with its own dedicated building and paid staff?
brian | Jan 26, 2006 | Reply
Thanks Brian. Sorry for the cryptic post, but your new blog
site doesn’t handle my tags quite as nicely as the old one, and I miss the
“preview” button which prevented me from doing that before. I’ll try to do
better.
I read your post before on the “missional” vs. “emergent”
and it was somewhat encouraging to see you say some of those things.
I didn’t intend to “present the church meeting in homes
as secondary in importance to meeting in church buildings” as you have
indicated that it came across to you. In fact, the opposite was my point, in
that where “the church” meets is of secondary importance
altogether compared to why the church meets, and who
the church is.
You are right that the NT doesn’t tell us where
we have to meet, and when it describes where early Christians met,
it isn’t doctrine to tell us that we have to do it the same way. My point is
that emergents often place their emphasis on where to meet, and to serve coffee,
and to sit on couches, etc. etc. and it is all unnecessary nonsense in so far as
Christianity is concerned. It isn’t that those things are wrong, but it also
isn’t wrong to meet in churches either.
There are traditions that exist that are ok to follow.
There are traditions that exist that are ok to change. The point is, they are
traditions and not doctrines, and people who are getting worked up
over the traditions they don’t like as being wrong, are placing
the emphasis in the wrong place altogether. If granny wants to go to a
high-liturgical church and praise God with hymns and organs, while sitting on a
pew, then praise God! If her grandson wants to go somewhere and listen to
contemporary music and drink coffee and sit on a couch, then praise God. The
issue is not if those things are right or wrong. In both instances, the
issue is, what is the message they are hearing? I believe I can
make a pretty good case that much of “emergent” is so busy talking about
those things that are irrelevant, that they don’t ever get around to
discussing that which is important. And when and if they do, they don’t have a
qualified teacher; because they have rejected him in the process of rejecting
the traditions they equate his authority to.
So I don’t place any primary or secondary emphasis on
where a church meets or how they worship. Only that
they “worship the true God in Spirit and Truth.” Ultimately the goal for
the gathering of the saints is for the edification of the saints, which
hopefully turns into, going into all the world, making disciples (by preaching
the right message), and baptizing them (for the right reasons).
However, with all that said, I must conclude by saying that
if the purpose of having church in homes rather than
in church buildings is to exclude a qualified
teaching pastor, because his authority is being rejected, then that is wrong.
What typically takes place in homes is fellowship (which is a good
thing), not good qualified teaching. If the place where the sound word is being
taught is at the church building, then the flock should go to where the shepherd
is teaching. That doesn’t mean they can’t still meet in homes and fellowship, or
even teach there. The opposite is true as well. If the good and proper teaching
is going on in the homes, then that is fine and Christians should be there too.
My point is that if the flock is going to the home to avoid the
shepherd’s teaching because they want to sit around in their communal ignorance
and discuss “what it means to me” rather than learning “what it
means,” then that is rebellion and should be confessed as sin. My
observation is that much of what is “emergent” is in fact doing this, and it
should be exposed and avoided. If on the other hand, Christians want to meet in
the coffee shop, or in homes, or in the cow fields like John Wesley did, and
when they are there (wherever there is) they preach, teach,
fellowship, pray, break bread, etc. then Praise God! If they are going outside
of the church to avoid leadership, authority, and shepherding, they should be
admonished and corrected. The issue isn’t where its going on, it
is what is going on!
Tony Rose | Jan 27, 2006 | Reply
Yep, there are all sorts of wrong reasons to do things (wrong reasons to leave a church, wrong reasons to stay at a church, wrong reasons to primarily meet in homes, etc.).
I think one reason the emerging church movement is sometimes misunderstood is that people (all people - me, you, the media, emergent-bashers, emergent-fans, etc.) tend to compare two things by focusing on their differences. So we subtly look at the emerging church and the traditional evangelical church and sometimes quickly gloss over everything they have in common and instead focus all our energies on the issues where they differ.
One issue where I think many in the emerging conversation have it exactly right is the inadequacy of “preaching the right message”. I think you’ll agree. Too much of evangelicalism is about saying the right things or looking the right way or saying you believe the right things, and then there’s a huge inconsistency between what you say and how you act. The prevalence of that is one of the big reasons why the church has lost so much credibility in our culture. It’s a big part of why the emerging church movement and the house church movement have both gained so much traction lately.
Can you define what you mean by “qualified
teaching pastor”? What are the qualifications of a qualified teaching pastor?
Brian | Jan 27, 2006 | Reply
Brian,
When you say that, “Too much of evangelicalism is about saying the right things or looking the right way or saying you believe the right things, and then there’s a huge inconsistency between what you say and how you act,” you seem to indicate that those who emphasize the importance of “the right message” somehow also teach that the right message is all that is necessary, and that life transformation is not also critically important. This implication is untrue.
Although the right message is critical, saying that does not imply that being consistent in action is not also critical. Sure there are those who preach the right message and don’t follow through in action. They are hypocrites. The emergents are correct in pointing out that this exists and that it is wrong or inconsistent. They are wrong however, in implying that all those who point to the critical nature of “the right message” are also inconsistent in how they live their lives. Having “the right message” is absolutely critical,” but it is a starting point, not an ending one. If “the right message” doesn’t affect your life and how you live, then the right message hasn’t reached you.
You say that the prevalence of this inconsistency is one of the big reasons for the emergent church and house church movements. I agree with you on that point. I do think that recognizing this inconsistency has motivated these movements, and their motivation to leave inconsistent churches and go to consistent ones is a good motivation. However, by starting their own movement/churches/conversation/whatever they imply that such legitimate churches with the right message and consistent lives don’t exist. They are wrong in that conclusion. There are many churches today (I admit they are not the majority and you have to do your research to find them) that do preach the right message and also have people who are consistent in their walk. The emergent’s lack of ability to find them does not prove that they don’t exist. If the effort that was spent on the emergent “conversation” were put into finding churches that already preach the right message and have consistent believers, perhaps the hypocritical churches which emergents are rebelling against would slowly be squelched out by genuine and authentic fellowship.
You asked: ‘Can you define what you mean by “qualified teaching pastor”? What are the qualifications of a qualified teaching pastor?” What I mean, quite simply, is what Scripture means on the subject. Anything other than that is wrong. Scripture is our final authority on everything. I felt like your asking me “what I mean” implies that I would mean something other than what Scripture means. Scripture is clear on the qualifications, and I mean no more or no less.
I am not going to get into a discussion of specific education, denominational ordinations, or other worldly classified credentials. Nor do I want to get into a discussion of traditional teachings of qualifications. Different traditions and denominational requirement structures exist, but all such structures should exist only in order to make sure those individuals desiring to be teaching elders acquire the necessary Scriptural requirements. Anything that those structures add or remove from what Scripture says is wrong. I am not endorsing or refuting any specific educational program or denominational ordination process. I am only saying that they should be there to equip those who desire to teach and preach to be Scripturally qualified to do so.
So in not discussing specific educational or ordination requirements, a qualified teaching pastor should be someone who has the ability to exposit Scripture in a way that he can arrive at the true meaning of the text. A good teaching pastor is one who has the attitude of “I don’t have the prerogative of telling you what I think the text says, or what I want the text says…. I only have the right to tell you what the text actually says.” The goal is to arrive at what the original author meant to the original audience. This science of Biblical interpretation does take study. It isn’t easy. One doesn’t have to have a PhD to do it, but one also can’t do it by osmosis either; which is why we are told to “Study to shew thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth.” (2 Tim 2:15). So a qualified teaching pastor should be someone who has done this, and who properly understands how to interpret (arrive at the correct meaning of) Scripture. A person who does not understand how to interpret Scripture, who hasn’t studied, and only wants to sit in a circle of other unqualified people to discuss “what does it mean ‘to me,’” is not a qualified teaching person.
There are ordained pastors who can and do, do this correctly, and who qualify to Scripturally teach. There are ordained pastors who can’t do this and who should not. There are also laity who can and do, do this correctly, and there are laity who can’t and should not. The measuring stick is Scripture, not denominations or educational achievements.
The emphasis of teaching correct doctrine is amply solidified in Scripture. Those who teach “contrary to sound doctrine” are to be exposed regardless of their worldly educational achievements.
“You must teach what is in accord with sound doctrine.” (Titus 2:1)
“He must hold firmly to the trustworthy message as it has been taught, so that he can encourage others by sound doctrine and refute those who oppose it.” (Titus 1:9)
“If anyone teaches false doctrines and does not agree to the sound instruction of our Lord Jesus Christ and to godly teaching, he is conceited and understands nothing.” (1 Timothy 6:3-4)
“Preach the Word; be prepared in season and out of season; correct, rebuke and encourage—with great patience and careful instruction. For the time will come when men will not put up with sound doctrine. Instead, to suit their own desires, they will gather around them a great number of teachers to say what their itching ears want to hear. They will turn their ears away from the truth and turn aside to myths.” (2 Timothy 4:2-4)
“As I urged you when I went into Macedonia, stay there in Ephesus so that you may command certain men not to teach false doctrines any longer nor to devote themselves to myths and endless genealogies. These promote controversies rather than God’s work—which is by faith. The goal of this command is love, which comes from a pure heart and a good conscience and a sincere faith. Some have wandered away from these and turned to meaningless talk. They want to be teachers of the law, but they do not know what they are talking about or what they so confidently affirm.” (1 Timothy 1:3-7)
When the apostle Paul thinks something is important enough to warn the church about for night and day, for three years, to the point of tears, I think the church should listen. His statement to church leaders in Acts 20 is so obviously coming true today by unqualified people teaching incorrectly…
“Keep watch over yourselves and all the flock of which the Holy Spirit has made you overseers. Be shepherds of the church of God, which he bought with his own blood. I know that after I leave, savage wolves will come in among you and will not spare the flock. Even from your own number men will arise and distort the truth in order to draw away disciples after them. So be on your guard! Remember that for three years I never stopped warning each of you night and day with tears.” (Acts 20: 26-31)
And in closing, of course, not only is the ability to properly understand and teach the Scriptures, the life of the pastor must also be in accord with the witness of the Scriptures, and all those qualifications should be adhered to as well:
“Now the overseer must be above reproach, the husband of but one wife, temperate, self-controlled, respectable, hospitable, able to teach, not given to drunkenness, not violent but gentle, not quarrelsome, not a lover of money. He must manage his own family well and see that his children obey him with proper respect. (If anyone does not know how to manage his own family, how can he take care of God’s church?) He must not be a recent convert, or he may become conceited and fall under the same judgment as the devil.” (1 Tim 3:2-6)
Tony Rose | Feb 1, 2006 | Reply
Here are a couple of NANC articles that are written to pastors regarding
their personal study and devotional time. This may give you some good insight on
how leaders and teacher’s attitudes should be towards what they teach, and also
how the average Christian should be focusing their personal study. Notice the
difference in these two articles and your typical "what does it mean to me" type
of "blind leading the blind" Bible "study." Also notice the authentic and
genuine application of making it affect your life vs. just going through the
rote motions (what the emergents claim traditional Christians don’t do).
No Wonder Your "Devotions" Aren’t Working
How to Make Your Bible Study/Devotions Meaningful?
Tony Rose | Feb 2, 2006 | Reply